What is a router and how does it work?

The role of a router

Routers connect multiple devices to the internet, ensuring data gets to the right place for each of them. True to their name, routers quickly and seamlessly route traffic between devices and the internet. A router’s presence creates local area networks, or LANs, to keep small groups of devices connected to each other.

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Individual routers can be scarce in the wilds of home internet these days. If you rent your internet equipment from your local service provider, chances are the box they give you, with the flashing lights, has the modem and router combined. But traditionally, the modem and router acted as separate parts of the system, with the modem converting the larger internet signal for individual device use, and the router acting like a traffic cop directing that signal to the device that needs it.

The router at home vs. the router at work

Businesses usually make copious use of routers compared to the average household. Think of all the laptops, copiers, printers, and other devices all working together to keep your office humming. Behind the scenes, a phalanx of routers figures out what devices need to communicate with each other and sending info—say, that 12-page quarterly report—from your laptop to the printer. So usually, routers for businesses come with more “industrial strength” than ones marketed towards household consumers.

At home, your needs are probably less vast, but not necessarily. As technology changes and society changes, individuals face an increased need for more advanced routers to carry the load. Smart technology, streaming, online gaming, and working from home have all increased the internet needs of the average individual.

Picking the right router for you

When picking out router, consider these factors.

• Wired vs. wireless? Wi-Fi is as essential as air these days, but there can still be place for wired routers when you need a more stable connection or have a less portable device like a printer that always needs a firm, strong connection. Usually, even Wi-Fi routers come with a wired LAN cable port for a more traditional hookup. And, just like the internet companies, you can always buy the modem/router combo box to save on space, hassle, and equipment rental fees.
• Speed and performance. It’s no sense in having great internet speeds from your service provider if your router can’t support them. Check your internet package’s estimated speeds for your household, and look for a router to match it. Ensure your router supports the latest Wi-Fi standards, and consider its maximum data transfer rate. This information will let you know the number of devices it can handle at once and if the router will help you take advantage of fast and reliable internet speeds.
• Coverage and range. Check your router’s coverage area and range. When connected to Wi-Fi, you’ll want to be able to access a stable and secure internet connection, no matter where you are in your home. The size of your home and physical obstacles like walls and floors can affect the router’s range. Choose a router that has a far range to provide you a strong Wi-Fi signal on different levels of your home.
• Dual-band vs. tri-band. Decide whether you need a dual-band or a tri-band router. Dual-band routers use two frequency bands: 2.4 Gigahertz (GHz) and 5 GHz. Tri-band routers offer another 5 GHz for better performance. If you’re wanting to connect more devices to your router and use them with Wi-Fi simultaneously, you’ll want a tri-band router. A tri-band router increases bandwidth and allows you to use more devices at once with less internet lag.
• Enhanced security features. You should find a router with robust security features like a built-in firewall and Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) and WPA3 encryption. These additional security protocols help protect your wireless network from unauthorized parties and potential cyber threats. A secure router might also have options for guest networks and parental controls.
• Know your devices. It’s not only about how many devices you have, but it’s also about how fast they need to move and what needs to connect to what. That can help you choose the router with the appropriate capability rather than one that’s too big or too small.
• Check reviews and labels. Look for reliability and compatibility with your current modem and internet services in your area. It’s no fun when you realize your newly purchased router is a return instead.

If you’re enjoying this article on your laptop from a comfy couch while your smart speaker plays tunes in the background—well, thank your home router today. Explore more safety tips for connecting to the internet,and make the most of using the technology you have.